Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic nature or most fundamental structure of reality. These lessons help you understand how metaphysics asks what reality is like and how its deepest questions connect to possibility, choice, and the relation between mind and world. They trace broad questions about being, what can be, and how reality is structured.
2 articles, 1 book · about 1 hr 13 min of reading and viewing
General metaphysics, also called ontology, takes the widest perspective and studies the most fundamental aspects of being. It investigates the features that all entities share and how entities can be divided into different categories. In metaphysics, a possible world is a complete and consistent way the totality of things could have been. Possible world semantics says a statement is possibly true if it is true in at least one possible world, and necessarily true if it is true in all possible worlds. Metaphysicians debate whether determinism and free will can coexist; compatibilists argue they can because people may act in tune with their motivations and choices even when determined by other forces. Free will also matters to ethics because it concerns people's moral responsibility for what they do.
In metaphysics, Leibniz's pre-established harmony says mental and physical realms are like separate pre-set clocks, wound up by God to run in harmony. Although they do not interact, they appear to because they continue to run in harmony.
The Tao of Physics by Fritjof Capra explores parallels between Eastern mysticism and modern physics, describing how similarities between the fields can help explain each other.
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