The suffrage movement in the United States sought women's right to vote, a demand that began gathering strength in the 1840s from the broader movement for women's rights. Women's suffrage was established first in various states and localities, then nationally in 1920 with ratification of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution.
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New Jersey's female enfranchisement, the first of its kind in the United States, was lost after widespread corruption plagued the 1807 referendum. Both sides accused the other of voter fraud, prompting state legislators to declare the election "illegally conducted" and overturn its result.
The Alpha Suffrage Club fought for Black political leadership locally as well as access to the vote. One of its main goals was "showing black women how to use their 'vote for the advantage of ourselves and our race[.]'"
Tennessee narrowly ratified the Nineteenth Amendment on August 18, 1920, making it the law throughout the United States. The 1920 election became the first United States presidential election in which women were permitted to vote in every state. The Women's Loyal National League indirectly advanced political equality for women, including suffrage, despite not being a suffrage organization. Its 5000 members formed a widespread network of women activists whose experience helped create a pool of talent for future social activism, including suffrage.
John Green teaches about American women in the Progressive Era, including their gains in work and legal rights, reform efforts, and the fight for the vote that led to the 19th Amendment.
Elaine Weiss's The Woman's Hour tells the story of the fight to win women's suffrage in the United States.
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